GLUT4 is the predominantly expressed glucose transporter isoform in muscle, whereas the GLUT1 isoform is expressed at much lower abundance. Glucose enters the muscle cell primarily by facilitated diffusion, utilizing glucose transporter carrier proteins. Skeletal muscle is the predominant tissue for insulin stimulated glucose disposal in humans. It is unknown whether such patients have defects in the mechanisms that control insulin stimulated glucose uptake. Many patients require several hundred units of insulin daily, but despite large amounts of daily insulin, glycemic control remains poor, and it may be difficult to decide whether to increase insulin dosages further or regard patients as being non-compliant. Type 2 diabetic patients with extreme insulin resistance represent a major therapeutic challenge in terms of achieving glycaemic goals. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: This work was supported by Danish Agency for Science Technology and Innovation Grant 271-07-0719 (to N.J.) and a grant from the FOOD Study Group/Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Fisheries and Ministry of Family and Consumer Affairs, Denmark 44 (to N.M.). Received: MaAccepted: OctoPublished: November 16, 2011Ĭopyright: © 2011 Kampmann et al. Calbet, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain (2011) GLUT4 and UBC9 Protein Expression Is Reduced in Muscle from Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Severe Insulin Resistance. Citation: Kampmann U, Christensen B, Nielsen TS, Pedersen SB, Ørskov L, Lund S, et al.
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